Polymer recycling has received a great deal of attention in recent years. At the present time, small percentages of polymer wastes in Malaysia are being recycled. The recycling process has typically consisted of reprocessing ...

Recent research shows that the by-product materials such as fly ash can be used as raw material in producing aggregates and lightweight aggregates. The usage of this material can improve the quality of the aggregates ...

The waste material from palm oil industry has been increasing since Malaysia was the world largest exported of palm oil mill. The waste such as palm fibers, nut shells, palm kernel and empty fruit bunches are the solid ...

Geopolymerization is an alternative for ceramic industry by using clay based material such as kaolin or calcined kaolin geopolymer. Geopolymer paste is initially produced by alkaline activation of calcined kaolin with NaOH ...

Geopolymer, produced by the reaction of fly ash with an alkaline activator (mixture of Na2SiO3 and NaOH solutions), is an alternative to the use of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in the construction industry. However, there ...

Geopolymer is manufactured from the aluminosilicate source material in example fly ash, silica fume, kaolin, ground granulate blast slag (GGBS), boiler ash and volcano ash reactivated via alkaline solution. But the different ...

This paper investigates the effect of the solids-to-liquids (S/L) and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratios on the production of palm oil boiler ash (POBA) based geopolymer. Sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution were used as ...

The waste materials from industrial are one of the concern issues in sustainable development. Recycle and reduce the waste material is one of the strategies to produce the better sustainable system. One of the methods is ...

Underwater concrete is a cohesive self-consolidated concrete used for concreting underwater structures such as bridge piers. Conventional concrete used anti-washout admixture (AWA) to form a high-viscosity underwater ...

This paper describes a development of lightweight concrete using lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) in fly ash (FA) based geopolymer immersed in seawater. The objective of this research is to compare the performance ...