The Optimization of the Hydroxyapatite (HA) Material Characteristics Produced from Corbiculacea (Etok) Shells

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite commonly used in medical field for tissue disease, bone disease, drug delivery and also for non-medical field purpose such as wastewater treatment. Due to excellent biocompatibility and bioactive properties, hydroxyapatite (HA) which is a group of calcium phosphate (CaP) and similar to the natural bone composition has been broadly ventured in medical area. Synthesising the HA was done via precipitation method by implementing the Corbiculacea (Etok) shells as the resource of calcium precursors. Calcination of Corbiculacea (Etok) shells took place to convert calcium carbonate (𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3) to calcium oxide(𝐶𝑎𝑂). CaO were then reacted with water to form calcium hydroxide (𝐶𝑎(𝑂𝐻)2) and later, reacted with phosphoric acid(𝐻3𝑃𝑂4). This experiment manipulated the CaP ratio to study the properties HA formed. CaP ratios used are 1.50, 1.67 and 2.00. The characterization were performed using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR).