Recent research shows that the by-product materials such as fly ash can be used as raw material in producing aggregates and lightweight aggregates. The usage of this material can improve the quality of the aggregates ...

The waste material from palm oil industry has been increasing since Malaysia was the world largest exported of palm oil mill. The waste such as palm fibers, nut shells, palm kernel and empty fruit bunches are the solid ...

Geopolymerization is an alternative for ceramic industry by using clay based material such as kaolin or calcined kaolin geopolymer. Geopolymer paste is initially produced by alkaline activation of calcined kaolin with NaOH ...