| dc.description.abstract | At present, the construction sector is important for developed countries. Today,
this sector has grown rapidly in Malaysia. Therefore, the raw materials to be used in this
sector will be reduced and this will be a problem for the country. To solve this problem,
the research should be conducted from time to time to reduce the consumption of raw
materials in industry, in addition to being cost effective, for example the use of
materials such as clamshells. These clamshells are source widely available and very
cheap because it is a waste. Modification of Concrete Block Pavement (ICBP) using
shells instead of sand has been investigated in this research. The main aim of this
research is to study the physical and engineering properties of modified (ICBP) blocks
using clamshell including compression test and water absorption. Both properties of the
modified (ICBP) blocks will be comparing with the control (ICBP) blocks. The
chemical composition of clamshell also been identify. The ratio of the (ICBP) blocks
use in this research is 1:3 which stand for 1 part cement, 3 parts sand and the clamshell
are used as part of sand replacement in the mix with percentage of 10%, 20%, 30%,
40%, and 50% proportion of clamshell. Optimum percentage obtained from this study is
30%. | en_US |
