Finding a robust alignment strategy is one of the key evaluations in defining photolithography process. Alignment is a process to determine how the current pattern is placed on the wafer. Alignment is done by an optical ...

Nanotechnology development offers the promise of advances within and connections across many disciplines-biology, chemistry, physics, materials science and engineering. Determination of the critical success factors in ...

Sensors based on nanogap capacitance changes are being developed for genomic and proteomic applications because they offer label-free detection on platforms amenable to high throughput configurations. This paper presents ...

Nowadays, overuse of chemical fungicide has a side effect which is harmful to human, cause environmental problem and destroys the antagonist microorganisms. Therefore, it is important to develop natural fungicide and ...