Assessing the antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of calotropis gigantea against bacillus subtilis

Abstract

Currently, the use of antibacterial agent showed negative impact to the environment and the bacterial strain has been resistant to the antibacterial agent. The present study was intended to explore the use of plant extract as an alternative to synthetic antibacterial agent. The study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and the phytochemical constituents in the leaves of Calotropis gigantea. Antibacterial activity was tested by using disk diffusion method at various weights (10 - 100 mg) against Bacillus subtilis and assessed based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The ethanolic plant extract of leaves of C. gigantea inhibit against growth of B. subtilis ranging from 10.33 - 30 mm while the ethyl acetate plant extract recorded the inhibition zone from 10.33 - 24.67 mm. Among these two organic solvents extracts, ethanol showed the best inhibition zone. For MIC study, the lowest concentration that is required to inhibit the growth of B. subtilis was recorded as 2500 ppm. Meanwhile, the results for phytochemical screening using standard procedure to identify the bioactive compounds involved in the antibacterial activity revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, tannin, saponin, flavonoid, cardiac glycosides, alkaloid, terpernoid, triterpernoid, and phytosterol. The result proved that the leaves of C. gigantea extract could be a commercial antibacterial agent.