Waste to valuable by-product: Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of Cd, Cu and Pb ion removal by decanter cake
Date
2009-06-20Author
Dewayanto, Nugroho
Mohd Haizal, Husin
Liew, Kong Yong
Mohd Ridzuan, Nordin
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Palm oil mills generate about 4 - 5
tons of decanter cake for every 100 tons of
palm fresh fruit bunch processed. Due to the
high organic content, the decanter cake could
be converted into adsorbent for the removal of
metal ions from waste water. The decanter
cake was first dried at 105 oC and then
carbonized at 500 oC. Earlier data showed that
500 oC had highest performance in ions
removal. The resulting carbonized decanter
cake were tested for removing cadmium (II),
copper (II), and lead (II) ions. Proximate
analysis using thermogravimetry of decanter
cake carbonized at 500 oC indicated that the
adsorbent contained 4% moisture, 21%
volatile, 23% fixed carbon, and 52% ash.
Adsorption test was carried out by mixing 1.0
g of the decanter cake in 100 mL aqueous
solution of the various ions. Langmuir and
Freundlich isotherm models were used to fit
the isotherm experimental data. The maximum
uptakes of Cd, Cu and Pb onto the carbonized
decanter cake in this study were estimated to
be 24, 23, and 97 mg/g respectively. The
adsorption kinetics was found to follow the
pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
Thermodynamic parameters such as standard
enthalpy (H◦), standard entropy (S◦) and
standard free energy (G◦) were determined
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