Encapsulation of cow urine in cellulose nanoparticle for effective inhibition of pathogens

Abstract

Cow urine has been attested to have spectacular applications in the fronts of medicine and therapeutics. Using cow urine in many researches have proven to cure different diseases such as kidney and skin diseases. This was further affirmed by conducting the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test along with the turbidimetric assay. The current study demonstrated the effectiveness of cow urine with the enhancement by encapsulating in cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs), which can be obtained in lower cost. The encapsulation process was aided using the Tween-20 and olive oil through the microemsulsion procedure. The encapsulated cow urine was substantiated with characterization analyses such as scanning electron microscopic, transmission electron microscopic and atomic force microscopic studies. The size and morphology of the cow urine encapsulated CNPs were found to have agglomeration. Further analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy revealed that various components exist in the cow urine as proven in literature and also in the encapsulated cow urine.