Optimization of the Temperature Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite from Indonesian Crab Shells
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] is a ceramic class of material widely used for
medical applications. The HAp has been synthesized from Indonesian crab shells using a
precipitation method at different temperatures synthesis ranging from room temperature
to 80°C. The HAp was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS. The results demonstrate
that the synthesis temperature of the HAp affected the functional groups, the phase, the
crystal size, the crystallinity, the morphology, and the calcium to phosphorus ratio (Ca/P
ratio). Synthesis at 80°C was identified as the optimal temperature synthesis to produce
HAp from Indonesian crab shells as indicated by the crystalline pattern achieving the pure
Hap by having the Ca/P ratio closest to theory (1.67), the morphology more uniform in
size, and the complete of the HAp functional group.