Optimisation of growth conditions of Bifidobacteria isolated from clinically obese patients in medium supplemented with prebiotic gum arabic

Abstract

Bifidobacteria spp. is a gut microbiota that presence within human gastrointestinal tract. However, the microbial distribution between normal and obese individuals was varied significantly resulting to a condition known as dysbiosis. Dysbiose gut microbiome give rise to the gut microbiota complication such as obesity. Obesity can be treated by surgery and prolonged use of medications which are costly and has significant effect for long term use. Alternatively, researcher has gain interest in prebiotic means of gum Arabic to restore the gut microbiota which have not been tested in vitro yet. Therefore, this study intended to optimise the growth condition of Bifidobacteria isolated clinically from obese individual in medium supplemented with prebiotic gum Arabic. Bifidobacteria was characterized by performing macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical test. Gram positive bacteria, rod shaped in branching arrangement were obtained. The qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed to determine the bioactive compounds that presence in gum Arabic. Flavonoid, terpenoid, carbohydrate and DPPH test resulting in positive reaction. The total flavonoid and total phenolic content were 14.0 mg/g and 14.3 mg/g. The optimization of fermentation medium for the growth of Bifidobacteria was conducted using Central Composite Design (CCD). The results were then analysed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The optimal condition for Bifidobacteria growth was obtained based on parameters set via numerical optimization with temperature of 37ºC, pH of 4.62 and 0.531% concentration of gum Arabic with experimental response of 1.265 (absorbance). This finding suggested that gum Arabic has potential to be commercialized in Healthcare and Food industries for medical health purpose.