Optimization of acid hydrolysis from banana peel for reducing sugar production

Abstract

Banana peel is a low cost and abundant of bio-resources in food industry. The cellulose from the banana peel waste can be converted into reducing sugar which usually applied in bioethanol production and food industry. Reducing sugar is the carbohydrate that can act as reducing agent due to presence of free aldehyde group and ketone group. Acid hydrolysis by using dilute sulphuric acid is a method in order to break down cellulose into simpler constituents which is reducing sugar. Three factors which are temperature, concentration of sulphuric acid and time were screened by using One-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) analysis. The first factor were manipulated was the temperature during acid hydrolysis (60 -100 oC, concentration of H2SO4 2% and time 3 hour), followed by concentration of H2SO4 (concentration of H2SO4 1% - 3%, 80oC and 3 hour) and followed by time (2-4 hour, concentration of H2SO4 2% and 80 oC. Central Composite Design (CCD) was implemented in the process of reducing sugar production optimization based on OFAT analysis. The significance of each parameter was obtained through Design of Experiment (DOE) software. The optimum condition of acid hydrolysis process is at 3% (v/v) H2SO4 solution, 75 oC, 3 hour) was capable to enhance the production of reducing sugar based on the analysis of Central Composite Design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM). From validation done, the reducing sugar concentration was obtained was 0.22861 g/L.