Bio-inspired chameleon technique in MAC protocol for energy efficient wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is gaining the interest of researchers due to numerous applications. WSN consists of sensor nodes connected with wireless technology to form a network. The sensor devices powered by the battery and collect the data from the environment and send to a base station. In the wireless sensor network, the topology changes frequently due to sensor nodes. The aforementioned behavior emphasis the impact of the MAC protocol mechanism in the performances of WSN. In recent years, the analysis of WSN MAC protocols and their impact on the performances of the network with different network scenarios has significantly developed a precise understanding of the requirements and goals for designing a MAC protocol. In the literature, many MAC protocol mechanisms are proposed to deal with WSN requirements. Nonetheless, proposed MAC mechanisms in the literature considered a single network scenario in WSN. However, the sensor nodes face some problems like the failure, addition, energy depletion, and movement which leads to different scenarios. The adhered behavior of WSN nodes results in a need for a MAC mechanism that addresses the requirement of more than one network scenarios. This problem is less considered in the literature. Hence, this thesis proposes a chameleon mechanism for MAC protocol to tackle topology changes in WSN. The proposed mechanism defines the performances of a MAC protocol in different network scenarios as a single and multiple objectives optimization problems. The single objective problem is solved by Taguchi method, while the multi-objective optimization problem is solved by differential evolution algorithm. The proposed mechanism is integrated with Berkeley MAC (B-MAC). Extensive simulation results are presented by comparing the performances of optimized and non-optimized Berkeley- MAC mechanisms. The mechanism is evaluated under varying number of nodes, simulation time, traffic generation, and message length for two network topologies; partial of farm1 and partial of farm2 scenarios. The results show that the proposed Chameleon mechanism B-MAC improves the performance of multiple WSN scenarios in-terms of packet delivery ratio, throughput, end-to-end delay, and minimize the power consumption.