Efficacy of Calotropis Gigantea Leaf Extracts Against Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum capsici Affecting Chilli

Abstract

Antrachnose or rotten chilli are a disease of chilli that has reduced about 50% of the fruit quality and this cause by the pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum species or more specifically by C. capsici. The current study is to prevent chilli fruit was attacked from this pathogen, the antifungal are investigated by Calotropis gigantea leaf extractions. C. gigantea leaf extract is chosen as the pathogen resistant. A laboratory study is conducted to identify the effect of C. capsici toward few potential factors which are type of solvent and concentration of crude extract. Before that, the pathogenic fungi are isolated from the lession chilli fruit and its morphology was identified by its whitish colony colour, rings of acervuli, cushionlike structure on the PDA and the conidia are falcate or have the shape of curved moon. The crude extracts are prepared by differences type of solvent which are ethanol, methanol and distilled water by using soxhlet method. The antifungal activity identifies by using the disc diffusion technique and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC). To evaluate the MIC, it was demonstrated by using differences concentration of C. gigantea leaf extracts (1000 ppm to 15 ppm). The high efficiency equivalent to fungicide is leaf extract by using methanol, which can inhibit the fungi with concentration 31.25 ppm. Extraction by using methanol in moderate susceptibility that can inhibit with 62.5 ppm and the lowest susceptibility is extracted by using distilled water which inhibits with 500 ppm. The overall of this project the C. gigantea leaf extract show that it can be a pathogen resistant against pathogenic fungus C. capsici and the efficiency are determined by comparing it with the other pesticide.