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Optimisation of hydrolysis conditions for ethanol production from sorghum starch
(The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia, 2010-09)
The conversion of starch to sugar can be achieved by hydrolysis process. The two-step enzymatic hydrolysis of sweet sorghum was performed by commercially available α-amylase and glucoamylase. An optimisation study was ...
Heterogeneous esterification of free fatty acid to biodiesel
(The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia, 2010-09)
The potential of sulphated zirconia (SZ) as heterogeneous acid catalyst for esterification of free fatty acid (FFA) to biodiesel has been investigated. Experiments using oleic acid as a model compound preceded the ...