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Optimisation of hydrolysis conditions for ethanol production from sorghum starch
(The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia, 2010-09)
The conversion of starch to sugar can be achieved by hydrolysis process. The two-step enzymatic hydrolysis of sweet sorghum was performed by commercially available α-amylase and glucoamylase. An optimisation study was ...
Heterogeneous esterification of free fatty acid to biodiesel
(The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia, 2010-09)
The potential of sulphated zirconia (SZ) as heterogeneous acid catalyst for esterification of free fatty acid (FFA) to biodiesel has been investigated. Experiments using oleic acid as a model compound preceded the ...
Seismic behaviour of thin/slender concrete walls with monolithic emulation base connections tested on shaking table
(The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia, 2008-06)
Two geometrically identical slender precast concrete walls with monolithic emulation base connections were constructed and tested under biaxial loading using two clover displacement control patterns on shaking table. ...
Simulation and optimisation of a SWRO system in cape town, South Africa
(The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM), 2021)
A SWRO system was designed to fulfil 50% of the population water demand in Cape Town, South Africa, which can lead up to 383,353 m3/day in the next 15 years. The total dissolved solid (TDS) within the product (i.e. drinking ...