Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that can be generated by domestic natural resources such as palm oil, soybeans, rapeseeds, and even waste cooking oil. Commonly, biodiesel is produced by base catalyzed transesterification ...

Once biodiesel produced, it contains several impurities such as soap and glycerol. The free fatty acids (FFA) in the oil react with the sodium or potassium catalyst to form soaps. After the biodiesel and by product ...