Development of antibacterial liquid soap from Harumanis leaves extract

Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the antibacterial activity of Harumanis leaves extract against different types of bacteria which are Escherichia coli Bacillus, and Shigella flexneri. The plant extract was further used to formulate antibacterial liquid soap. The Harumanis leaves extract was prepared by using the cold maceration method with distinct type of solvents (ethanol, methanol, and distilled water). Each of the antibacterial activity of Harumanis extracts was evaluated using disc diffusion method at different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). Each of the inhibitory zones was recorded in millimeters; the result of this study showed that methanolic extracts used against E. coli, B. subtilis and S. flexneri showed the highest antimicrobial activity compare to ethanolic and water extracts. The methanolic extracts at concentration 10% was chosen because the standard proposed by the authorities in soap production was in between 5% to 10%. The methanolic extract were proceeding added to the different formulation of liquid soap. The liquid soaps were re-assess against E.coli, B. subtilis, and S. flexneri for the antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion method. Each of the inhibition zones was recorded in millimeters; the result showed that liquid soap from sunflower oil have the highest inhibition zone compared to the olive oil soap. Thus, from the result, it indicated that Harumanis leaves extract can replaced synthetic ingredients in the formulation of antibacterial soap for the usage of hand wash.