Analysis of Pandanus Amaryllifolius Roxb. leaf in different extraction for herbal standardization

Abstract

Phytochemical analysis of was carried out for herbal standardization to establish a standard quality for the P. amaryllifolius. Thus, evaluation of the phytochemical contents of Pandanus amaryllifolius leaf in different extracts form was carried out. The plant material was collected from Penang, Malaysia. The raw material were evaluated by macroscopy, microscopy, colour test and gravimetric analysis in the form of foreign material, total ash, acid insoluble ash and moisture content. Extraction was carried out using different techniques. The total protein content, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content was studied. Chemical profiling based on UV Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) were carried out. The macroscopical analysis identified the leaf to be in a sword-like shape, microscopical analysis detected the parenchyma cells, stomata and calcium oxalate whereas, colour test provide evidence on the presence of glycoside, alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin and anthraquinone. Total foreign material recorded that the leaf has 0.69% of foreign material. Gravimetric analysis on the powdered material gave 6.45% of total ash, 1.02% of acid insoluble ash and 3.70% of moisture content. Extraction using UAE from methanol gave the highest yield. The highest value of total protein content was obtained for the extract of UAE using methanol (0.037 ± 0.0009 mg BSA/g), for total phenolic content was obtained from the extract of maceration using methanol (9.16 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g) whereas, for total flavonoid content was achieved from extract of maceration using ethanol (2.93 ± 0.04 mg RE/g). The UV spectrum exhibits the presence of flavonoid, terpenoid and chlorophyll. FTIR recognized alcohols, phenols, aromatics, carboxylic acids, esters, ethers, alkyl halide, aldehydes, alkanes and 1ᵒ, 2ᵒ amines as the functional group present. TLC detected the existence of chlorophyll, phenol and alkaloid in extracts of Pandanus amaryllifolius.