Estimation of muscle and joint forces during push-up

Abstract

In these paper, methods for estimating the muscle and joint forces during push-up are discussed. Many simplifications/assumptions were required like rigid body bones, single line of action for muscles, planar assumption and known muscle insertion and origin. In general, the normalized biceps, brachialis, and brachioradialis forces calcaluted in this paper compare well with those available in the literature values. However, consistency of magnitude between both of these values suggest the simplified approach adopted in this analysis does provide a useful approximation in investigating musculoskeletal loads and muscle forces at the ankle joint during squatting exercises.