Production of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles by sol-gel method

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite(HAp) nanoparticles is widely used in areas of orthopaedic and dental surgery because of its unique properties related to good biocompatibility, osteoconduction and excellent adsorption properties.Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles have been synthesized through sol-gel technique and the chemicals that used are calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and phosphoric pentoxide as the precursors for calcium and phosphorus. Ethanol is used as solvent due to its high purity. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method also was characterized using different analytical tools such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed that the obtained powder by applying different physical condition such as sintering temperature, stirring speed and aging time is composed Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles in range 30-50 nm. X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) analysis was used to investigate the crystalline material structure, including atomic arrangement and crystallite size. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer was carried out as to identify chemical bonds (functional groups) which is phosphate (960 to 965 cm-1), hydroxyl (1800 cm-1, 632 cm-1 and 474 cm-1) and carbonyl (1550 cm-1, 1457 cm-1 and 880 cm-1).The optimization of Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp) was carried out using the Central Composite Design (CCD) of the Design of Experiment (DOE) software version 7.1.5. This method requires systemic number of experiments and include interactive effects .The effects were sintering temperature (600-800°C), stirring speed (100-500 rpm) and aging time (1-5 hour). Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles with the crystallite size of 38.175 nm was produced at 800°C, 500 rpm and 1 hour as the optimum size in biomedical