Immobilisation of heavy metals from waste using cementitious materials and binders via stabilisation and solidification techniques: A review

Abstract

Heavy metals from industrial waste at high concentration of contamination become a serious threat to human, animals and other living creatures. Due to that, special treatment to this waste is crucial. A reliable and low cost approach using stabilisation and solidification are applied to reduce the leaching of the heavy metals back into the environment. Multiple combinations of cementitious and binder materials can play their role in immobilising the heavy metals via these stabilisation and solidification technique. These techniques are capable to produce promising more advantages outweigh its disadvantages.