Extracts some plants on controlling green mold of orange and on postharvest quality parameters

Abstract

Crude extracts of Neem, Pong-pong, hot Chili, Lemon grass, Tumeric, Clove, Green chirayta, Mahogani, Curry leaf and Ginger against Penicillium digitatum, the causes of green mould disease of orange fruits, was evaluated for their inhibitory effect in vitro and in vivo during storage conditions .Followed to lethality test LC50 (BST) to determine the lethal dose. In vitro experiments, different concentration of each crude extract at 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000ppm were tested on the growth of P. digitatum in petri dishes. The concentration at 3000 ppm from Neem, Pong-pong and hot Chili showed the highest inhibition growth reached the (90%) followed by Lemon grass and Ginger by inhibition reached (70%). While the rest of the effect of plant extracts was non positive in the control of the mycelium growth. In vivo experiments, treating fruits 21 days (best 5 plants that showed highest inhibition growth) the results were similar with those were obtained in tests PDA (petri dishes) in vitro. Crude extraction from Neem, hot Chili and Pong-pong at conc. of 4000 and 5000ppm showed significantly reduced the disease severity of fruits (100%) compared with untreated fruits (control) at 250C, through significantly reduced the undesirable fruits percentage, fruit weight loss percentage during storage for 21 days compared with control. Also the lethal concentration (LC50) values of the crude extracts were investigated using the Brine-shrimp (Artemia salina Leach) lethality test (BST). At 20, 5 and 30 μg/ml-1 Neem, Pong-pong and hot Chili showed very high lethal toxicity on brine and effect Lemon grass and Ginger in killed 50% was at 495 and 473 μg/ml- 1 respectively.