Selected fatty acid profile of Pomacae canaliculata : Optimization of solid-liquid phase extraction

Abstract

Apple snails were the species that survive and spread widely in the freshwater especially in paddy field. It became a serious rice pest to the farmers due to feeding of young rice seedling. However, apple snails were reported to have significant amount of fatty acid. Therefore, the aim of the research was to extract and optimize the quantity of the fatty acid content in the apple snails by using solid-liquid extraction. The optimization process was carried out by using Central Composite Design, CCD and the factors that include in the study were time of extraction, weight of dried solid sample of apple snails and types of solvents used. The result showed that the optimized conditions for the best extraction result were at 8 hours of extraction time, 15grams of sample and hexane as the best solvent. The yield from the extraction was 33.35 % of fatty acid. However, under same conditions of time and weight of sample but in different solvent which was petroleum ether, the percentage yield obtained was 18.75%. Therefore, it would seemed that the best extraction solvent to produce fatty acid from the Pomacae canaliculata was hexane. The probability of fatty acid that had been analyzed were varies and could be categorized into 3 mains groups. They were saturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid which had their own advantages towards human health. The 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid, cis 5,8,11,14,17 eicosapentaenoic acid, 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, α-linoleic, 9,12-octadecatrienoic acid, 11,14-eicosadienoic acid and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid were under polyunsaturated fatty acid. The saturated fatty acid were dodecanoic acid, 9-hexadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid and tricosanoic acid. The monounsaturated fatty acid that had been found in the apple snails were 7-hexadecenoic acid and cis-9-octadecenoic acid.