The bottom ash is generated from the bottom of the incinerator and commonly known as trash consists of common items we used in daily life, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The sample of bottom ash has been taken from XCN ...

The bottom ash is a waste material obtained from the Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator, Langkawi. To reduce the waste material in this world, reuse is one of the solutions. Therefore, the waste product will not be as harmful ...

Cement was a binder material that used in concrete industry. The cost production was very expensive due to the high global demand. Therefore, a new alternative was used to replace the cement in concrete which was bottom ...

The world is facing major climate changes in the surrounding temperature increase due to the depletion of the ozone layer, greenhouse and others, thereby affecting human performance and energy efficiency. One of the things ...